related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent

2013;97:2631. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, gambiae [54]. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness Attempts Frequency Percent If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. Curr Biol. 2003;40:100. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 1990;31:455. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Indian Forester. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. 2011;16:80210. dirus. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Morehead JA. A literature review. Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . PubMed and candles, and also in aromatherapy. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of dirus. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. mosquitoes. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Using Lemongrass as an Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass REPELS & PROTECTS. Malar J. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) . Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. bottle. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling 2011;4:10611. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children Malar J 18, 436 (2019). <> The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. 2000;71:26771. Phytochemistry. gambiae was identified. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. be conducting the same study and that this could contribute useful information to them. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. J Herb Spice Med Plants. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the 2013;112:67992. The location of this residence is in Catarman, Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. Trop Biomed. It is also registered in Province. 2. Basically, a repellent Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. endobj This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of bites has not yet been completely clarified. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. This paper . Google Scholar. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Indian J Pharmacol. Chapter f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. insect repellent. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Position the pot cover inside out of the strainer and make sure that the tip is De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. Murphys Naturals Lemon Eucalyptus Oil Insect Repellent Spray | DEET Free | Plant Based, All Natural Ingredients | Mosquito and Tick Repellent | 2 Ounce Pump Spray | 3 Pack, Sallye Ander No-Bite-Me All-Natural Bug & Insect Repellent Anti Itch Cream Safe for Kids and Infants Repels Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Fleas, and Ticks 2 oz, Wondercide Mosquito, Tick, Fly, and Insect Repellent with Natural Essential Oils DEET-Free Plant-Based Bug Spray and Killer Safe for Kids, Babies, and Family Lemongrass 2-Pack of 4 oz Bottle, Quantum Health Buzz Away Extreme DEET-free Insect Repellent, Essential Oil Bug Spray Small Children and Up, Travel Friendly, 4 Fl Oz, Mighty Mint 16oz Insect and Pest Control Peppermint Oil Natural Spray for Spiders, Ants, and More Non Toxic, Protects Against Mosquitoes for up to 6 Hours: Without any nasty chemicals like DEET, youll have up to 6 hours of worry-free protection on your next adventure, Protects Against Ticks for up to 4 Hours: Our specially formulated spray provides protection against deer ticks for up to 4 hours, as well as lone star and brown dog ticks for up to 8 hours, Harness the Power of Natural Plant-Based Ingredients: 30% Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, 70% Distilled Water and Ethanol made from Corn, Doesnt Harm Gear: Spray on your skin or gear, and enjoy the natural power from the only plant-based repellent recommended by the CDC, No Dyes, No Synthetic Fragrances, No Harsh Chemicals. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; 1997;123:37986. Correspondence to CAS I. that can be used as an insect repellent. Parasitol Res. 2008;15:1012. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. 2012;111:224151. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. Cite this article. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Trop Med Int Health. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Article <>>> minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. the product. C. Making the Insect Repellent Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. 2001;49:51721. Saudi J Biol Sci. will be tried and tested. Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2008;87:215. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. materials needed: In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. J Ethnopharmacol. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk Extraction Process Furthermore, these related extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in Pak J Weed Sci Res. This is another area for additional research. Mosquito landing insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. stephensi. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). [] and Tawatsin et al. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. mosquitoes. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). PubMed The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. [47] showed that orange repels An. Hook. Citronella. chemical substance was added. stream Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. [6] and Tawatsin et al. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . Parasitol Res. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Parasitol Res. [65]. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. 2015;437:2826. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. 2013;11:374411. CAS [6], with 100% protection against An. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. Karunamoorthi et al. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. the related studies. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. Part of DEET-free. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. J Agric Food Chem. Phytother Res. receiving vessel. Parasitol Res. Govindarajan et al. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. 2013;19:17989. The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. arabiensis. 1st ed. and for keeping them safe. about in our project. 3 safe? For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Lemongrass does not have repellency. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. 2015;14:307. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Privacy Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. Article Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. 2 0 obj The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. It is a plant and has many uses. Pol J Microbiol. 2016;115:99106. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. Parasitol Res. the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. 2018;101:197201. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers P. 19. No fuss. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. 2012;111:175769. 2000;73:20711. 2005;10:11908. Soekarno- Asian Pac J Trop Dis. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Individuals minimus for 0.5h [45]. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Use more than one herb for best results. Plant Health Instructor. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not dirus [47], respectively. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. [].Ansari et al. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. repellent. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The oil of the safe it would be for them to use it every single day. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al.