Full-gorged: fully fed, no longer hungry. WebThe Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare. Kites: a bird of prey, such as a falcon, that soars on updrafts of air, Welcome to the Utah Shakespeare Festival. When a character is talking to the audience in a soliloquy they are usually open and honest in what they say. WebThe Taming of the Shrew (Annotated by Henry N. Hudson with an Introduction by Charles Harold Herford) - William Shakespeare 2016-05 Baptista Minola, a lord in Padua, insists that if his youngest daughter Bianca is to be married that her Taming of the Shrew" is a comedy by William Shakespeare which has met with some criticism in the He uses opposites in order to confuse Katherinas thinking and make her question everything he says. There is a tumbleweed blandness to our leading couple, with not even the most cutting lines igniting any kind of frisson or fury between them. The ANSWER KEY is provided as a separate FREE download here: http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/TAM, Gain student interest and increase understanding of William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew by using video: 10 Things I Hate About You (the modern retelling) and The Taming of the Shrew (1967) with Elizabeth Taylor.Included:1. 3. They both argue he The best Shakespeare should make us feel that the lines could have been written this morning. WebThe Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare Study Guide No Fear Translation Infographic PLUS Literary Devices Themes Quotes Literary Devices Symbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. ****Updated 6/28/17This is a unit of materials for teaching the comedic play The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare. These devices help make the story more interesting and enjoyable to the reader The plot progresses involving family drama, clever language, and plot twists. How many examples of animal imagery can you find in the play and what do they reveal about the character who uses them? WebKatherine strikes Petruchio and he threatens to "cuff" her if she does so again. Are any of these repeated words open to interpretation? Nonetheless, Shakespeare went farther than any dramatist before his time in approaching comedy with tongue firmly in cheek. Straight to your inbox. The use of comedic devices work to develop the plot in Taming of the Shrew as they tie together literary elements and help decode some of the confusion Once she has reached her objective, to be married, the real person appears. The devices used has shown the audience how the shrew could be changed by receiving the same treatment it has been giving. Purchasing Clothes also become a statement of non-conformity and madness, as Petruchio embarrasses Katherina by arriving at their wedding in a strange outfit, or in Act 4 dictating what she can or cannot wear. You can learn about this Tony Award-winning theatre, our plays, and so much more by visiting our, Utah Shakespeare Festival 2023 www.bard.org, Other Literary Devices Used in The Taming of the Shrew. What do you think this tells us about Petruchios thought process and emotions? Katherina mocks Petruchios attempts to outwit her by comparing him to weak animals. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! A lot of examples of comedic devices has been used throughout the different Acts. When questioned, Petruchio answers that she is married to him not unto my clothes. WebThe Taming of the Shrew is a comic play written by William Shakespeare around 1590 . Once Petruchio has married Katherina, he regards her as his goods and suggests he can do as he wishes with her. WebStart studying Taming of the shrew: Comedic devices. She becomes quarrelsome and apathetic. Speak it aloud and see if you can notice the things Paapa tells us to look out for: What can we learn about Petruchio from this soliloquy? WebHere are three types of imagery that come up a lot in The Taming of The Shrew: Animal Imagery Katherina is described as wild and often animals are used to suggest her She consents to let the ceremony proceed, The Taming of the Shrew Feb 02 2023 The Tempest Jun 01 2020 Romeo and Juliet Sep 24 2019 Presents the original text of Shakespeare's play side by side with a modern version, discusses the author and the theatre of his time, and provides quizzes and other study activities. WebShakespeares Induction acts as a frame, enabling him to distance himself from the moral and philosophical questions he raises in his own play The Taming of the Shrew as Marjorie Garber states: the frame performs the important task of distancing the later actions, and of insuring a lightness of tone, to portray a comedic play as opposed to a morbid Its here that Shakespeare creates humor with the notion that things arent always what they appear. Because of this people see him then start making rude jokes about him. This four-wall/four-corner interactive anticipation activity for The Taming of the Shrew gets students up, moving, and thinking critically about thematic ideas from William Shakespeare's well-known play through discussion of 15 debatable statements. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Distraction is a major element of comedy, and there are two elements of distraction that apply to most of these stories. This is not the only use of humor in this play it is also used by Cyrano to hide his insecurities. for a group? WebComedic devices have helped develop the plot and comedy of The Taming of the Shrew. Petruchio sees marriage like the ruling of a country and demands complete obedience. How does she speak to her father, Bianca and Petruchio in Acts 1 and 2? Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeares most underrated plays, but it is also one of his funniest. Summary Read the detailed scene-by-scene Summary & Analysis, or the Full Book For example, in the following speech, Petruchio compares his treatment of Kate to the practice of falconry, or training wild falcons for hunting. It has shown how a shrew can be changed with the same treatment as it has given. These three literary elements prove that Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew is a farce. A noble lord passing by finds him and decides to play a joke on him. His taming techniques also involve torture and there are several references to Kate's death throughout the play.What are we to make of all this? You will find close reading passages, viewing guides, comprehension questions, discussion topics, analysis activities, bingo cards, and more!Below is a description of the products in this bundle: Student-Paced Introduction to Shakespearean Language - 2-page print or digital activity for students to explore the Bard's languagePlot Event Bingo Cards - 8 printable Bingo cards for students to use as they read. The ancient Greek playwrights had a similar view on comedic tales: in order for something to be a comedy, the main character must reach a positive outcome. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! This amazing unit has everything you need to teach William Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew." Each abridged Shakespeare play in this series has been adapted for teens to tackle in a half an hour. the fact that she finds them truly appealing, symbolizes yet again The are several comedic devices in this story: unexpected plot twists, witty language, disguises or costumes, young love with a 102 0 obj <>/Encrypt 84 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<27D09209DC339041A4040884323BE073>]/Index[83 34]/Info 82 0 R/Length 96/Prev 155715/Root 85 0 R/Size 117/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Is Katherina actually wilful and if so, does she have reason to be? Look at key words in the speech concerning duty and obedience. These all contribute different comedic aspects to the plot and push the plot forward. Tracing Katherine and Bianca.Students will examine the characteristics of a shrew (literal and figurative) and then trace the actions and motivations of Katherine and Bianca a, This 5-page test has 50 multiple-choice and true or false questions about the plot, characters, and setting of the play, as well as the film version (Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton) of the TAMING OF THE SHREW. The use of comedic devices work to develop the plot in Taming of the Shrew as they tie together literary elements and help decode some of the confusion within the play; without comedic devices, the play would seem far too serious and not make sense to new Shakespearean readers. WebDrama, Comedy. Because of her actions, the male centered world around her doesn't know what to do with her. This amazing unit has everything you need to teach Its plot is derived from the popular 'war of the sexes' theme in which males and females are pitted against one another for dominance in marriage. The comedy of physical appearance is exemplified when Petruchio arrives at his wedding hours late and foolishly dressed. The example he is using is from The Tempest but you can look for the same clues in The Taming of The Shrew. by. Typically, a four-wall discussion serves as an engaging pre-reading activity to help students build their schema for understanding the text. It asks previewing questions about issues such as comparing today's teen audience to Shakespeare's "groundlings". even with Petruchio dressed like a clown, and thus yields to his WebThe Taming of the Shrew Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton sparkle and amuse as Katharina and Petruchio in this adaptation of William Shakespeare's comic look at male chauvinism and women's lib in 16th century Padua.
Petruchio is a poverty-stricken gentleman from Verona who journeys to Padua in search of a wealthy wife. The two squabble for Bianca's attention, Hortensio wanting to teach her music while Lucentio wants to teach her philosophy. Website Terms and Conditions | that the man beneath the attire is not the same as the attire itself. These devices help you stay attentive to the story and wonder how Petruchio is going to eventually tame Katharina. *Y upgV/ Mindy Killgrove. LMU57T ~|l 4:~{N}SwY^yyD Students will be encouraged to think deeply and write about themes and character de, This bundle includes everything you need to teach Taming of the Shrew to upper high school students, and 10 Things I Hate About You too! WebThe Comedy of Errors Mar 30 2020 State Theatre Company Programs. declares that Kate is marrying him, not his clothes, indicating You'll also receive an email with the link. Examine the different ways in which Shakespeare presents the attitude towards marriage in the play, The Taming of the Shrew., A comedic story can be summed up as one thing; a hero who triumphs over evil and wins the day. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. The plot becomes developed when certain events with family drama, quick-witted language, and unexpected scenarios that take place to create plot twists that no one can foreshadow. The ridiculous outfit Petruchio wears to his wedding with During the play Cyrano de Bergerac there are often very deep and depressing moments and to pick the audience up Edmund Rostand used humor. By using humor, Shakespeare was able to get his message across in a more palatable way. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1981 Peter Hutt Ian Deakin Fiona Reid In Comedy Of Errorrs Theater 7X9 Photo at the best online prices at eBay! By the same token, when Kate plays WebThe Taming of the Shrew Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton sparkle and amuse as Katharina and Petruchio in this adaptation of William Shakespeare's comic look at male chauvinism and women's lib in 16th century Padua.
Petruchio is a poverty-stricken gentleman from Verona who journeys to Padua in search of a wealthy wife. Pre-made digital activities. On the surface, it may appear that Petruchio is a misogynist who wants to break Kate down in order to have complete control over her. WebThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare: Complete Study Unit: Editable! Royal Shakespeare Company. Sharp: hungry, alert, aware of its captor. The characters are often used as foils to one another, and this leads to many humorous situations. This battle of the sexes shows no boundaries between the rich and poor, young or old, man or women. 'Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, / Thy head, thy sovereign.'. dO,f1QC:UhSk/stTOeb55-_^?RI@JE:)G{6/( However, as Petruchios connection grows, her real identity emerges, and our perception of her changes. The Taming of the Shrew watch online free. Easy to use and easy to grade. The story follows the love story of Katherine and Petruchio, and their struggle to overcome Kates sharp tongue. Provide at least one example from each act. Licios lute is out of tune; Vincent meets a double of himself; the mild-mannered Bianca does not do as is expected at the end of the play. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? More complex than these obvious examples of deception are Shakespeares clever uses of psychological masks. The play begins with a framing device, often referred to Books, books & more books. This unit plan contains everything you need to add relevance and rigor to Taming of the Shrew in an engaging way!This bundle of resources supports an in-depth analysis of the text. Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Text edited for rehearsals by Justin Audibert. How is love spoken about in comparison to marriage? This unit includes everything you need to teach The Taming of the Shrew - just print and go! to help convince Kate to recognize and comply with Petruchios wishes. It has been criticised for its elements of misogyny that have caused controversy; distracting many from its comedic nature. She is seen as a nice and gentle lady who devotes herself to studying and has no desires beyond that. You may want to compare his language in Act 4 Scene 4 with the way he speaks to his servant Grumio and her father Baptista in Act 1. lesson encourages her to satisfy him in return. Petruchio Shakespeare uses this type of humor as a witty way to keep the dialogue fresh and flowing. The irony of seeing how traits were reversed while also experiencing a substantial shift in our perceptions of Kate and Bianca provides us with a feeling of amusement and self-righteousness regarding how the tides have turned. Help us by taking a short survey it will only take a few minutes and will help us make the Shakespeare Learning Zone even better for everyone. 2. The quiz contains high level, critical thinking questions on the understanding through evaluation levels of Bloom's revised taxonomy model. This is seen in all of the acts throughout the play and is one of the main uses of humor in the play. I personally have used these with the traditional and the No Fear Version of the play. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. For then she never looks upon her lure. They dont enjoy the puns, they flatten the insults, and the piercing jokes and gross instructions are thrown away. For many people today, reading Shakespeares language can be a problembut it is a WebIn The Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare. Katherina examines the theme of duty and debt between a wife and husband. Petruchio has 22 per cent of the lines in the play, and is a catalyst for the main events. You can find examples of opposites and nature being inverted, such as when Petruchio insists that the sun is the moon. Shakespeare writes that Petruchios abuse leads to Kates admission of womens inferiority and their duty to obey men. Petruchios Wedding Costume It makes a great study guide for students. WebThe play begins with an Induction, which establishes a frame for the main plot. Video/Play Alignment Ch. Alliteration is the repetition of a starting sound in two or more words. Check out the preview for a look at the presentation. Taming of the Shrew/10 Things I Hate About You Comparison Sheet, Taming of the Shrew - Shakespeare in 30 (abridged Shakespeare), Shakespeare in 30 - All Plays & Guides (abridged Shakespeare plays), Shakespeare's 'The Taming Of The Shrew' - Character Map, Activities and Handouts for The Taming of the Shrew, The Taming of the Shrew Pre-reading Carousel, The Taming of the Shrew In-Depth but Easy to Assess Test, Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew Feminism and Gender Activities, Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew & 10 Things I Hate About You Movie Guides, Shakespeare's 'The Taming Of The Shrew' - Character Map and FULL STORY CARTOON, The Taming of the Shrew Anticipation Activity, Digital Interactive & Print, Lindsay Ann Learning - Digital English Resources, Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew Quizzes and Final Test, The Taming of the Shrew and Ten Things I Hate About You Scheme of Learning, The Taming of the Shrew - middle school script, Digital Dating Profile Activity for Act 1 of Taming of the Shrew. This abridged Taming of the Shrew is perfect for ELA, ESL, and Shakespeare camps. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. $24.99 This flip book goes through all 5 Acts of William Shakespeare's play. What images do they create in your mind? Does the word keep its meaning as it is repeated or does it alter? Despite the borrowings from Commedia dell'arte and the slightly dark underbelly of the play, The Taming of the Shrew still falls under the generic category of "Comedy." 116 0 obj <>stream When the characters switch roles, theres scarcely any change in physique or voice. Can you find any sounds that reoccur frequently in this speech? I've included many drawings, paintings and photos from various productions so students can get a visual idea of the elements in the play. This is how you can murder your wife with kindness If someone knows better how to handle a shrew and not let him speak, its not this guy There soliloquy serves to underscore that things are seldom what they seem. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Why do you think Petruchio talks to the audience here? This version of Taming of the Shrew is part of my Shakespeare in 30 collection. Katherina has the largest and most well-known speech in the final scene of the play. Can you spot any themes emerging? The Taming of the Shrew is most definitely a "Comedy" a generic category that has a few basic rules and operating principles: a light and humorous tone; on 50-99 accounts. There he WebThe Taming of the Shrew is a romantic comedy. ]xUUW[^i*PQCmWd. WebAlthough inductions were not uncommon in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century dramas, The Taming of the Shrew is the only play in which Shakespeare features this particular framing device. Many of the characters appear to be the conventional or stock characters for a comedy, for example Petruchio could be seen as the fool and Bianca as the young, innocent maiden. WebThe Taming of the Shrew begins with an induction in which a nobleman plays a trick on a beggar, Christopher Sly, treating Sly as if he is a nobleman who has lost his memory.A play is staged for Slythe play that we know as The Taming of the Shrew.. The scheme is fully differentiated for ESL, Learning Difficulties and Gifted and Talented students. (one code per order). Its a great idea to keep a list of the key quotes and imagery used in each act. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The Taming of the Shrew Choice Menu With 17 Engaging Activities! It was one of his earlier plays, believed to have been written between 1590 and 1594. The example he is using is from Hamlet, but you can look for the same clues in Petruchios soliloquy. WebLes meilleures offres pour The Comedy of Errors: A Shakespeare Childrens Story (Shakespeare Childrens Stori sont sur eBay Comparez les prix et les spcificits des produits neufs et d 'occasion Pleins d 'articles en livraison gratuite! Mindy Killgrove. 2023 :ec242YPz6Z3%{'83(Lh5o+{AT#j`_0v`ow>j5jlRniucJfc#Qjt.sU&KPHwML>{KIz*st@Ol$Z4f5 c#>JKhtx;6J?wMY lt|$r5;E-#JO{3^kh:rQ_w4HAN]ylC]1ZA"^\.Th}>;9w!FMgZ7=.p]+VUq4X.>FUyuZ\vjtSM\q.RVlyD7,CQ1S:&+Ke^xnO&C4 >QmW.i[(k_ X 3.T_KLHnA~!d@dF8c+H7 ]Xd['X7|FU;HQ KUMj)TKoAZ^&Y-!q^z_,Eu>=/=E4{"Gz_2`Igh*k6/K,- hM^mYVH)8gqE7u. Also included in:Women's History Bundle: Volume Seven, Also included in:Shakespeare in 30 - All Plays & Guides (abridged Shakespeare plays), Also included in:British Literature Bundle, Also included in:The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare Unit Bundle. To speak to his wife, Petruchio uses a soliloquy in which he explains how he will dominate Kate: She didnt have any meat today, and she wont have any in the future; as with the meat, Ill discover some undeserved fault with the making of the bed. Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the top of the page. The psychological masks that they wear are not immediately apparent to the audience, or even to the characters themselves, until they are unmasked through the course of the play. So while the characters are oblivious to the reality, Shakespeare uses another key component of comedy: he informs the audience what is in fact happening while hiding the truth from the characters. Consider how women are considered to be objects for trade over the course of the play. The humour in The Taming of the Shrew is one of its most distinguishing features, and it has entertained audiences for centuries. In these tales, our main character encounters around one hardship and overcomes it with much ease. The Taming of the Shrew stream The Taming of the Shrew online for free | Watch online movies through best free 1080p HD videos on desktop, laptop, notebook, tablet, iPhone, iPad, Mac Pro and more. This bundle includes the following: - 1 introductory slideshow explaining characters, themes, and symbols- 5 guided reading slideshows, explaining the play as students read in class- suggested homework, This resource will includes the full bundle for teaching Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew! This is a three page download, which also includes the one-page summary of key characters and themes in Shakespeare's classic 'The Taming Of The Shrew'. In this speech, Petruchio is talking to the audience about his prior interactions with Katherina and his plan for taming her. the role of a dutiful wife, she remains, essentially, Kate. The Taming of the Shrew is a must-see for any theater lover. This theory that women are merely objects creates an environment that the women have to adapt to and survive in and the environment of a person will depict what he or she will become, resulting in a battle between the sexes. It promotes group discussion and piques students' interest. This is written primarily for the 10th Grade though it could be easily adapted for another curriculum or age group. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. WebOther Literary Devices Used in The Taming of the Shrew Alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of a starting sound in two or more words. Includes pacing guide, pre-reading, film essay, activities, reading quizzes, notes, posters, author study, character analysis and discussions. Pun. WebThe comedic device of mistaken identity has been a mainstay in humorous writing for centuriesit is used to place a character in a situation where they are wrongly identified by others, and for whatever reason they fail to correct this misconception. This page considers some of the themes and key speeches from the play. Besides being a well written play, the comedic devices that each act holds is used to help develop the plot and the comedy effect of The Taming of the Shrew. $17.99 + $4.99 shipping. to someone in such attire, but she knows she has no choice if she THERE ARE TWO QUESTIONS BASED SOLELY ON THE FILM: #47 and #48. The are several comedic devices in this story: unexpected plot twists, witty language, disguises or WebThis quotation can be related to the Shakespearean play, The Taming of the Shrew as comedic plays adapt through time and through the versatility of the plot. Her mistaken identification fades away, and she becomes more obsequious and agreeable, true self. In the drama The Taming of the Shrew, William Shakespeare utilizes humor to increase the vivacity of his characters, and Shakespeare conveys his message of male chauvinism through the humor. Hortensio (2.1.149-152). by. The audience knows that Petruchios actions are not sincere, and yet the characters themselves do not, which creates a comic effect. The play is also full of sexual innuendo, which provides plenty of laughs for contemporary audiences. (This is an especially good exercise for The Merchant of Venice and Measure for Measure, which are often identified as tragic-comedies or problem comedies. After being rejoined by Baptista, Gremio, and Tranio, Petruchio shows us he is a quick and clever thinker. Katherine Minola (Kate) is off the wall, and kinda crazy. Look at the animal imagery used by and towards Katherina in Act 2 Scene 1. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Even in the framing play, Christopher Sly is tricked by Bartholomew wearing womens clothing. Web8.03 ANALYZING PERSONAL STYLE COMEDIC SITUATIONS As you complete the reading of The Taming of the Shrew, reflect on how comedic situations impact the plot development. Bianca is a treasure that cannot be given away lightly, and in Act 4 Baptista wishes to ensure that he has a legal agreement drawn up with Lucentio's father before the wedding takes place. Another way I have to man my haggard, There is a lack of coherence to the play as a whole, no doubt a result of the ensembles decision to go into rehearsals without assigned roles; intentions are murky across the board. I did but tell her she mistook her frets. (He means the frets on a guitar. This presentation discusses the major characters, themes, motifs, symbols and plot elements of the play. WebBy Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine. Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, LondonFlat insults, bland puns and painful verse let down this staging of Shakespeares problematic play, which charges ahead without a trace of satire. Melissa Riggalls obedient Kate is more mouse than shrew, while Paul Readys charmless Petruchio is just tediously cruel. A bizarre wedding dance is the closest they come to an energetic back and forth. There are very strict parameters placed around the social acceptability of behaviour according to gender. Setting Tough-o-Meter Writing Style Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory Booker's Seven Basic Plots Analysis Plot Analysis Three Act Plot Analysis Allusions Back More Navigation Introduction Tone Setting Tough-o-Meter I am ashamed that women are so simple, Kate says without a trace of satire, and from my cheeks and fingertips I feel whiskers and claws start to sprout. WebSince The Taming of the Shrew was written, many words in English have changed their meaning, and some are no longer used. here is no shrew to tame in this feeble production of Shakespeares problematic comedy. It then has students keep a comparison/contrast chart during viewing. Kate lists five examples here which emphasise the supremacy of the man over the woman, comparing the husband to the ruler of a country. In general, The Taming of the Shrew is a play that is written for laughs, and it makes use of a variety of comic devices to achieve this goal. WebWhen Shakespeare wrote the comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, he satirically featured Petruchios use of domestic violence (whether physical or emotional), power of language, and materialistic mindset to create a social commentary about marriage in the early modern era that can be readily compared to the changes in marital roles over time. Where are rhyming couplets used? WebThe Haberdashers Cap and Tailors Gown. The Taming of the Shrew and Dose It Relies on Comedic Devices. This activity is a pre-reading strategy. WebThe first comedic device used in The Taming of the Shrew is family drama. Sometimes it can end up there. This packaged offers an engaging and bare bones start to your unit! William Shakespeare Biography & Background on The Taming of the Shrew. As you complete the reading of The Taming of the Shrew, reflect on how comedic situations impact the plot development. 1981 Lynn Griffin Actor Peter Hutt Star In Taming Of The Shrew Theater 7X9 Photo. However, Katherine ends up being the most obedient wife. The humour in The Taming of the Shrew does not come solely from the situations and characters Shakespeare has created, but also from the way in which he tells the story. Perry Prestwick House Inc An adaptation for young readers of Shakespeare's play in which a gentleman from Verona tries to tame the fiery Straight to your inbox. Second, the Taming of the Shrew is a comedy of characters where false realities are everywhere. Look at the punctuation. WebComedic Devices work really well to create the plot in The Taming of the shrew.