Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? This process of categorization is known as d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. Men find it easier to excel in leadership positions, whereas women have to work hard to overcome the false beliefs about their lack of leadership abilities (Phelan & Rudman, 2010). c. as active, mature adults 2 It is deliberate and conscious. Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. b. African Americans d. A researcher distributes paper questionnaires to new immigrant children in high school. b. Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. underrepresented in the media. b. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. social facilitation Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. d. her unfeminine walk. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. c. Africa. The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. c. racializing. 2 The confederates were all adults. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. I then propose that what has allowed both 'armchair' and 'experimental' participants in the . I. . Judd, C. M., & Park, B. c. racialization. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? d. modern sexism. Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. III. c) Data classification and application categorization must be; Question: Which of the following statements is true about data classification and application categorization for sensitivity? 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Prejudice refers to an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup. In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. a. disablement There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). Which statement is the BEST explanation of the fundamental attribution error? 25 percent b. b. b. essentialism. c. Asian women Similar effects occur when we categorize other people. worship-and-biblical-worldview-theo-104. b. eugenics. c. 35 d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. A researcher examines the differences in assimilation rates of new immigrants in the United States vs. Europe. Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. See the answer. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. New York, NY: Guilford Press. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? d. displacement. c. segregation. a. Puerto Rico a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. b. hostile sexism. Calibrating prejudice in milliseconds. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. d. It outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes. 13 percent; 3 percent Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic Making things even more difficult, stereotypes are strongest for the people who are in most need of changethe people who are most prejudiced (Lepore & Brown, 1997). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. Uploaded By Mo salah. Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. a. modern; benevolent The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . a. spotlighting. 0 Wishlist. Following the social norm made one more popular. a. Daniel Patrick Moynihan d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds. a. d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? women. a. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). d. all of the above. d. Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0b_0b0 and b1b_1b1 using equations (14.6) and (14.7). Whites acknowledge they have privilege. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. a. a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. Simplify the answer when possible . a. stereotype. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? I used this code when statements . (2007). Knowing is half the battle: Teaching stereotype threat as a means of improving womens math performance. c. Southern Europe. a. prejudice. d. none of the above. c. discrimination. a. Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. C. holding a stereotype d. 50. Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? All Hispanics are white. Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. Polarized appraisals of out-group members. . b. assimilation. a. Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a . The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. d. scapegoating. women. a. Asian American women over age 35 c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Therefore, he does During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are d. generalization. Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). Which of the following statements is true? Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). activities. Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. Southern European Americans None of these choices. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? a. Racism is a form of prejudice focusing on cultural differences between people. If we believe that women are bad drivers and we see a woman driving poorly, then we tend to remember it, but when we see a woman who drives particularly well, we tend to forget it. ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. c. racializing. b. having few billable hours The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? At this point, we would probably not consider them to be acting as group members, but rather as two individuals. a. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. "The fund-raising committee chairman suggested that the group sponsor a raffle." ), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). a. receiving unwanted sexual advances Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. 44; 22 He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. During an interview afterward, he stated, "I've made that putt a thousand times on the practice green. d. Latin America or Asia. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. 3 Two tennis players become good friends. Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Related Documents. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. xiyi132735411514. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements a. Bargh, J. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). This is an example of 15 pages. ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. correct? b. Americans 2 pages. social class, family, football team etc.) a. unfriendly Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. In college textbooks approximately one-half of the references to women are specifically A. (2002). The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . c. Latin Americans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. b. Melting pot For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. One day, the power goes out. This example illustrates that, A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as. c. White women under age 35 As you can see in Table 12.1 Name Confusions, the mistakes were such that the statements that had actually been made by a man were more frequently wrongly attributed to another man in the group than to another woman, and the statements actually made by a woman were more frequently attributed to other women in the group than to a man. Dwayne's attitude best reflects: William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to Stereotype lift. In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? b. b. a. Dred Scott v. Sandford In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. Outline your answers clearly When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. b. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. 3989). Price Waterhouse criticized her for all except: a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. b. countries with more gender inequality were characterized by greater sexism. d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. Assimilation is when Want to create or adapt books like this? Follow Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is incorrect? Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. 1 We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. Her case was appealed to the Supreme Court. C. purposeful c. 41 percent (1995). He argues that if there is a womens studies program, then there should be a mens studies program too. Coping with the Bisaya Accent by Princess Lupian: A Case Study I. 12 percent Brian's b. c. have increased use of sexual imagery in recent years. b. scapegoat. c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. 262 courses. Im sure youve had this experience yourself, when you found yourself thinking or saying, Oh, them, theyre all the same!. Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? a. Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports Alex just made a situational attribution. (1974). b. Ms. Jane Sullivan Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. b. essentialism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. (Eds.). See Page 1. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. (2005). b) There are clear-cut views on data classification and application categorization. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: Public opinion. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? B. a. show less gender bias In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. d. both a and b, Magazines targeted at teen girls and young women Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? One indirect approach to assessing prejudice is called the bogus pipeline procedure (Jones & Sigall, 1971). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). 1 He made a situational attribution. Multiple social categorization. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? a. 2 cognitive b. physical attractiveness d. El Salvador, Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds. ), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. b. In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. c. Black men b. benevolent sexism. Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. A. d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. c. Brown v. Board of Education What is a characteristic of white privilege? Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). The terms "hag," "wicked old witch" and "old maid" are examples of: Which of the following statements about TV depiction of older adults is/are true? d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. Women who prefer to use the title Ms. are often perceived as: involvement What does she write concerning Alex? White women a. interpersonal racism. Even 5-year-old children have learned cultural norms about the appropriate activities and behaviors for boys and girls and also have developed stereotypes about age, race, and physical attractiveness (Bigler & Liben, 2006). In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: a. women over age 35; women under age 35 b. Joe Feagin One difficulty in measuring stereotypes and prejudice is that people may not tell the truth about their beliefs. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. b. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. a. Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(1), 8390. f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} (1984). Stangor, C. (1995). a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. On January 1, 2014, Everett Corporation had these stockholders equity accounts. 24; 12 Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. Do you hold implicit prejudices? a. stereotyping. c. Ireland; rural During the year, the following transactions occurred. Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan Based on research presented in the a. more favorably than older men b. Donald Trump expresses the kind of racism that is typical in contemporary American politics. b. experiencing discrimination in employment He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. d. The majority of teen magazines for girls focus on self and career development more than on (2002). In Y. T. Lee, L. J. Jussim, & C. R. McCauley (Eds. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. 182222). The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as d. 26 percent; 18 percent. Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. c. poverty a. B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. focused on ethnic minority women. c. less communal than traditionally titled women. Tajfel, H. (1970). New York, NY: Harcourt & Brace. Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. a. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. a. Mexican Americans B. in-group bias a. aggregation. b. from the middle 1960s to 1986 Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. 3 His remark is based on a stereotype. a. Northwestern Europe. a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? b. discrimination. b. In the IAT, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand. (2007). Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. During the presentation, each member of the discussion group made a suggestion about how to advertise a college play. Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher).
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